I would not say you are doing things wrong - you just lack some basic understanding of what an Arduino sketch does and what this “firmware” does. Not you to be blamed here; The Makeblock team is just hopeless in providing any good tutorial or even a manual of what they produce.
In fact, the “firmware” is nothing else than an Arduino sketch, just a horribly complicated one. The “firmware” is provided in order to allow steering the bot from an IPad or Android device through BT. This never worked very well, so as it is not working atm anywyuas, I suggest you skip this idea for the moment and focus on self-programming the bot through the Arduino IDE. It is more fun anyways, believe me!
Now, before you start exploring the example sketches delivered with the library, make sure you have
- installed Arduino IDE 1.6.7 on your PC (Windows? LINUX? Apple?, what do you actually use?)
- installed the latest Makeblock library, from this location, following the instructions given on the webpage. the actual download is received through clicking the “Download ZIP” button at the top of the page (this is the same link that was posted above, just I want you to read the instructions, so you know what you are doing!)
Then, mount the Ultrasonic Sensor on your bot, connect it to the appropriate port and open the ultrasonic example sketch, not the firmware. Check for the port assigned there and adjust if needed. Remember the instructions at the weblink I posted above? Good, add the appropriate line to the code if not already there. Then upload the sketch, while the BT cable is unplugged and test the sensor using the Serial Monitor in the IDE.
After this is all done post a report about what happened and include any error messages you may receive. But first you should fiddle around a bit on your own, in order to get a feeling of it. Congratulations you are already into serious programming of this fun bot! I am absolutely sure you will receive even more help here after you got things running and come up with more specific questions.
Heads up, we all made it, so will you and your son!
Stefan